{"id":42,"date":"2017-12-12T08:52:40","date_gmt":"2017-12-12T08:52:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/indjijatravel.rs\/eng\/?page_id=42"},"modified":"2022-10-06T10:37:40","modified_gmt":"2022-10-06T10:37:40","slug":"history-of-indjija","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/indjijatravel.rs\/eng\/history-of-indjija\/","title":{"rendered":"History of Indjija"},"content":{"rendered":"
In\u0111ija through the centuries<\/h5>\n
Life in the Pannonian Plain has lasted for millennia. There are numerous remains of cultures that lived in this area in the Bronze and Iron Ages. It was inhabited by the tribes Autariatae, Moesi and Triballi, and soon came the bellicose Celts after the defeat at Delphi in Greece in 279 BC. Gauls who lived in these parts are called the Scordisci and their supremacy lasted until the arrival of the Romans in Pannonia. The most important remnant of the Scordisci in the municipality of In\u0111ija is Acumincum – a site near Stari Slankamen, where the Romans later built their fortress.<\/p>\nStari Slankamen in 1910<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
With the arrival of the Romans on the Danube in Srem, which was the border of the Empire, a limes was established. It was a system of fortifications that defended the territory of the Empire from barbarian invasions, and so this area entered the system that stretched from Hadrian’s Wall in Britain across the Rhine and the Danube to the eastern frontier of the Empire in the Middle East. The importance of Srem grew significantly when Sirmium became one of the four imperial capitals. In the territory of the municipality of In\u0111ija, next to Stari Slankamen, there is a significant site in \u010cortanovci known as Castra Herculis<\/em> or Ad Herculem<\/em>, where the remains of a fortress and a Roman country villa were found, as well as several tombs, and the latest discovery from 2018 found that the settlement had a water supply system (aqueduct).<\/p>\n
During the Great Migration, many tribes passed the area and left devastation behind. Hungarians came eventually and settled here in the 10th<\/sup> century, and from then until 1918 they were the masters of the entire plain.<\/p>\n
A statue of the god Atlas was found in the area of \u200b\u200bthe city of In\u0111ija, but more detailed research has not been done, so nothing can be said about the existence of a settlement from an earlier period. The first mention of In\u0111ija is from 1455 as the property of the Hungarian noble family Sulyok de Lekcse. The village survived even after the Turkish conquest of Srem (1521-1526), \u200b\u200bwhich was proven by the Turkish defter for Srem from 1596, when it was mentioned that In\u0111ija consisted of 23 houses and a Widow’s Home. Arguably, the most important settlement in that period was the fortress in Slankamen. A medieval fort was built on the remains of the Roman fortress and port, which protected the flow of the Danube in this part. Its significance is especially evident at the turn of the 16th <\/sup>century, when it was a part of the system of fortifications that protected the southern border of the Kingdom of Hungary. It is assumed that Stari Slankamen was the property of the despot Vuk Grgurevi\u0107 Brankovi\u0107, popularly known as Zmaj Ognjeni Vuk. In 1468, he built the church of St. Nicholas, which still bears witness to those turbulent times. Furthermore, Slankamen was a port and one of the locations of Nassadists (Tchaikists), who sailed on light boats on the Danube and the Sava and prevented the Ottomans from crossing the river. One of the most significant events that took place was the battle of Slankamen in 1691, when the Ottoman army under the command of Grand Vizier Mustafa Pasha K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc fought with the Habsburg army led by Margrave Ludwig von Baden. The Grand Vizier fell here with eighteen other pashas and a large part of the army, and, Serbian warriors, under the command of field marshal-lieutenant Jovan Monasterlija, stood out in the battle on the side of the Habsburgs.<\/p>\n
There is no information about the settlement of In\u0111ija until the beginning of the 18th <\/sup>century. It is known that after the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699, it remained under Turkish rule until 1718, when the Habsburg Monarchy liberated not only the territories up to the Sava and the Danube, but also the northern parts of central Serbia. However, peace did not equal progress for In\u0111ija. For unknown reasons, the village was displaced before the end of the war. Since then, it existed only as a grassland that was under the administration of the Chamber of Commerce in Petrovaradin. In 1728, In\u0111ija passed into the hands of the Counts Peja\u010devi\u0107. Since it was suitable for grazing cattle, In\u0111ija grassland was leased first to the municipality of Be\u0161ka, and later to the rich merchants from Be\u0161ka. Thus, for the following thirty years, In\u0111ija served as a pasture for the cattle owned by the inhabitants of Be\u0161ka.<\/p>\n
With the territorial reorganization of the monarchy and the establishment of the Military Frontier, the Count Peja\u010devi\u0107 was left without a large part of his estate (spahiluk<\/em>), so he was interested in settling the grasslands in his possession. For this reason, In\u0111ija was repopulated in 1746. The settlers came from Be\u0161ka and the village of Patke. Until the 1820s, the inhabitants were Serbs. Already in 1754, they built a church dedicated to the Presentation of the Most Holy Mother of God, which was consecrated in 1766 by Metropolitan Pavle Nenadovi\u0107. The priests were from the An\u0111eli\u0107 family for more than a century. In the beginning, the people of In\u0111ija were more engaged in cattle breeding, and less in agriculture. The livestock in In\u0111ija decreased over time, which indicates that agriculture has taken precedence over cattle breeding.<\/p>\n
Since 1825, due to the departure of Serbs from In\u0111ija, the authorities began to settle Germans. This changed the ethnic structure of the village population. The government now relied on Germans, which provoked conflicts with a national character. By the middle of the century, Germans had become the majority. In 1848, there were over 1,500 of them, while there were only about 700 Serbs, as Radoslav Markovi\u0107 claims in his work on In\u0111ija. This accelerated the emigration of Serbs from In\u0111ija.<\/p>\n
In addition, already in 1825, In\u0111ija was elevated to the rank of a town because it acquired the right to hold fairs. The fair was held every year on 2nd<\/sup> July. Moreover, due to the settlement of Germans, the number of craftsmen increased, so that in 1845 the state gave a guild privilege to the craftsmen of In\u0111ija.<\/p>\n
The events of the revolutionary year of 1848 affected In\u0111ija as well. Serbs from In\u0111ija sent their representative to the May Assembly. The people of In\u0111ija managed to save the property of their German neighbours from the bellicose border guards, but soon relations deteriorated because Germans supported the government and did not want to side with Serbs. In In\u0111ija, the conflict was settled with the expulsion of the notary Balrog, who remained with the help of Germans, while Serbs wanted to oust him, accusing him of oppression. The conflict over the notary lasted until the end of the revolution in Hungary, when the governmental party won.<\/p>\n
From then until the end of the century, Serbs had been constantly moving out of the town, until the arrival of the priest Radoslav Markovi\u0107, who managed to prevent that and who strengthened Serbs economically. In 1897, he prevented further emigration of Serbs by organising the first agricultural cooperative in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. They began to prosper economically and slowly caught up with their German neighbours. With the efforts of the parish priest, on 27th <\/sup>September 1905, the Sokol Society was founded in In\u0111ija. Archpriest Markovi\u0107 became its first president, and the youth practiced in the churchyard. It is important to point out that In\u0111ija also became a railway hub. Namely, in 1883, the railway station was opened and the train ran on the route Budapest-Novi Sad-Zemun and Zagreb-\u0160id-Sremska Mitrovica-In\u0111ija. This conditioned the further economic development of the town. Numerous hotels were opened next to the station, and In\u0111ija became one of the most important centres for the repair of wagons in this part of the royal lands.<\/p>\n
A map of this area in the 19th<\/sup> century can be seen at the following link www.mapire.eu<\/a><\/p>\n
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